初中介词,讲解

 介词

 I. 介词是一种用来表示词与词, 词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类,短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组,在句中作状语,表语,补语或介词宾语。

 II.

 介词归类大全

  一、表示地理位置的介词:

  (1)at ,in, on, to

  at

 (1)表示在小地方;

 (2)表示“在……附近,旁边”

  in

 (1)表示 在大地方;

  (2)表示“在…范围之内”。

  on 表示毗邻,接壤

  to 表示在……范围外,不强调是否接壤

  例句:He arrived

  the station at ten.

  He is sitting

  the desk.

  He arrived

  Shanghai yesterday.

  Jiangsu lies

  the east of China.

  Russia lies

  the north of China.

  Fujian is

  the south of Jiangsu Province. 注意:表示“树上有……”时,in 和 on 有区别。用 on 表示这个事物属于树的一部分,但是用 in 表示这个事物在树上,并不属于树的一部分。

 练习:

 There is an apple

  the tree and a bird

  the tree.

 (2)above, over, on 在……上

 above 指在……上方,不强调是否垂直,与 below 相对;

 over 指垂直的上方,与 under 相对,但 over 与物体有一定的空间,不直接接触。

  on 表示某物体上面并与之接触。

  例句:The bird is flying

  my head.

  There is a bridge

  the river.

  He put his watch

  the desk.

  (3)below, under 在……下面

 under 表示在…正下方

 below 表示在……下,不一定在正下方

 例句 There is a cat

  the table.

 Please write your name

  the line.

  二、表示时间的介词:

  (1)in , on,at 在……时

  in 表示较长时间,如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般(非特指)的早、中、晚等。

  如:in the 20th century, in the 1950s, in 1989, in summer, in January,

 in the morning, in the night, in one’s life , in one’s thirties 等。

  on 表示具体某一天及某一天的早、中、晚。

  如:on May 1st, on Monday, on New Year’s Day, on a cold night

 in January, on a fine morning, on Sunday afternoon 等。

  at 表示某一时刻或较短暂的时间,或泛指圣诞节,复活节等。

 如: at 3:20, at this time of year, at the beginning of, at the end of …,

 at the age of …, at Christmas, at night, at noon, at this moment 等。

  注意:在 last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一律不用介词。如:We meet every day.

 练习:

 1.Tim is going to give his father a surprise ______ Father"s Day.(

 )

 A.in

 B.at

 C.on

 D.By 2.Some people are used to getting up late ______ a cold morning.(

 )

 A.on

 B.in

 C.at

  D.of

 (2)in, after 在……之后

 “in +一段时间”表示将来的一段时间以后;

 “after+一段时间”表示过去的一段时间以后;

 “after+将来时间点”表示将来的某一时刻以后。

 例句:My mother will come back in three or four days.

 He arrived after five months.

  She will appear after five o’clock this afternoon.

 练习:

 1.﹣Junior high school days will be over _______ a week.How are you feeling? ﹣I"m trying to keep my cool because we"ve been together ________ three years.(

 )

 A.in;in

  B.for;in

 C.in;for

  D.for;for

  (3)from, since 自从……

  from 仅说明什么时候开始,不说明某动作或情况持续多久;

  since 表示某动作或情况持续至说话时刻,通常与完成时连用。

  例句:He studied the piano

  the age of three.

  They have lived here

  1978.

  (4)after, behind 在……之后

  after 主要用于表示时间;

  behind 主要用于表示位置。

  例句:We shall leave

  lunch.

 Lucy is hiding

  an old house. 三、表运动方向的介词:

  across, through 通过,穿过

  across 表示横过,即从物体表面通过,与 on 有关;

  through 穿过,即从物体内部穿过,与 in 有关。

  例句:She swam

 the river.

  He walked

  the forest. 练习:

 1.﹣﹣﹣﹣Dad,can we walk____the road now? ﹣﹣﹣﹣No,we____.We have to wait until the light turns green.(

 )

 A.across;needn"t

 B.across;mustn"t C.through;can"t

 D.through;mustn"t

  四、表示“在……之间”的介词:

  between, among

  between 指在两个人或两个事物之间;

  among 指在三个或三个以上的人或事物之间。

  例句:There is a football match

 Class One and Class Two on the playground.

  The teacher is standing

 the students.

  五、表示其他意义的介词:

  (1)on ,about 关于

  on 表示这本书,这篇文章或演说是严肃的,或学术性的,可供专门研究这一问题的人阅读;

  about 表示内容较为普通,不那么正式。

  例句:There will be a lecture

 economics this afternoon.

 He is writing a book

 cooking.

  He told me a lot

 his life in the summer vocation.

  (2)by, with, in 表示方法、手段、工具

 by 以……方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具;

 with 表示用 …工具、手段,一般接具体的工具和手段;

 in 表示用…方式,用…语言(语调、笔墨、颜色)等;

  例句:He makes a living

 selling newspapers.

  He broke the window

 a stone.

  The foreigner spoke to us

 English.

  (3)except, besides 除了

  except 除……之外,不包括在内;

  besides 除……之外,包括在内。

 例句:

 Mr. Wang, we went to see the film.(王先生没去)

  Mr. Wang, we also went to see the film.(王先生也去了)

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