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摘 要：【目的】评估福建省规模化养猪场利用沼气工程处理粪便产生的温室气体减排效益，以推动规模化养猪场沼气工程建设，实现生猪养殖业清洁生产。【方法】根据国际通用的温室气体减排量计算方法，以2010年和2015年为例，计算福建省规模化养猪场粪便资源量及沼气生产潜力，评估粪便资源全部用于沼气工程建设所带来的减排效益。【结果】2010年和2015年福建省规模化养猪场排泄物干物质总量分别为169.93万t和163.29万t，其产沼气潜力分别为7.14亿m3和6.86亿m3。假设规模化养猪场粪便所产沼气全部用于替代薪柴，则分别可替代薪柴245.42万t和235.84万t，减少CO2排放量分别为268.74万t和258.25万t;假设规模化养猪场粪便所产沼气全部用于替代煤炭，则分别可替代煤炭130.85万t和125.74万t，减少CO2排放量110.89万t和106.56万t。如果养猪场粪便全部用于沼气工程，则分别可减少CH4排放3.59万t和3.45万t。【结论】沼气工程在有效处理禽畜粪便的同时生产了优质燃料，沼气替代传统能源减少了CO2排放，禽畜粪便厌氧消化减少了CH4排放，带来了显著的社会经济及环境效益。
关键词：规模化养猪场;沼气工程;二氧化碳;甲烷;减排效益
中图分类号：X 713文献标识码：A文章编号：1008-0384（2019）04-465-06
Abstract：【Objective】 Reduction on greenhouse gas （GHG） emissions at large pig farms by treatment converting fecal waste to biogas for an environmentally friendly hog industry in Fujian was reviewed. 【Method】Based on the internationally accepted method for calculating GHG emission reduction and the 2010 and 2015 data， the amounts of manure and biogas production at large pig farms in the province were obtained for the analysis. The estimated benefits brought about by the emission reduction through the practice were discussed. 【Result】The total amount of excreta dry matters from the pig farms was 1.699 3 million tons in 2010 and 1.632 9 million tons in 2015 representing the production potentials of 714 million m3 and 686 million m3 biogas， respectively. If the biogas produced were to be used to replace firewood， it would have been 2.454 2 million t and 2.358 4 million t of firewood saved for the two years， respectively. And the resulting CO2 emissions reduced would have amounted to 2.687 4 million t in 2010 and 2.582 5 million t in 2015. The same presumed biogas productions would translate to be 1 308 500 t and 1 257 400 t of coal， or 1 108 900 t and 1 065 600 t of CO2 emissions for the years of 2010 and 2015， respectively. By converting pig manure to biogas， the CH4 emissions could have been reduced by 35 900 t in 2010 and 34 500 t in 2015.【Conclusion】Using biogas produced from livestock waste could conceivably generate a high quality fuel to replace the traditional energy sources and effectively reduce CO2 emissions. Anaerobic digestion of the waste material also mitigated CH4 emissions resulting in significant social， economic and environmental benefits.
Key words：large pig farm; biogas project; carbon dioxide; methane; emission reduction benefits
0 引言
【研究意義】近年来，规模化养猪场已成为我国生猪产区养猪的主体形式。然而，规模化养猪在实现集约经济优势的同时，也带来了严重的环境污染问题。生猪养殖业粪污的不合理排放是我国农业面源污染的重要来源。如何将生猪粪污最大程度资源化降排减少环境污染，成为我国畜禽养殖业必须解决的一个重大问题[1]。沼气工程是农村清洁能源体系的重要环节，是养猪场废弃物污染治理的最主要解决办法[2]。沼气工程在生产优质燃料的同时，有效处理禽畜粪便，具有显著的社会、经济及环境效益。【前人研究进展】研究表明，规模化养猪场建设沼气池，既能减少粪便管理造成的CH4排放和对周边环境的污染，又能充分利用再生能源，减少化石燃料使用，进而减少温室气体排放，具有显著的外部经济效应[3-6]。【本研究切入点】国内相关研究都以某单个养殖场为研究对象，而对省级尺度规模化养猪场温室气体减排效益研究较少，无法实现通过温室气体减排及其政策来引导和推动养猪场沼气工程建设和发展。本研究根据国际通用的温室气体减排量计算方法，以2010年和2015年为例，计算福建省规模化养猪场粪便资源量及沼气生产潜力，评估粪便资源全部用于沼气工程建设所带来的减排效益。【拟解决的关键问题】通过计算福建省规模化养猪场粪便资源量及沼气生产潜力，评估粪便资源全部用于沼气工程建设所带来的减排效益，为福建省制定科学合理的温室气体减排政策，推动规模化养猪场沼气工程建设，实现福建省生猪养殖业清洁生产提供理论依据。